Level of milk productivity in Holstein cows of different ages within intensive milk production technology
Keywords:
cow; milk yield; milk productivity coefficient; milk fat; milk protein.
Abstract
The level of milk productivity in cows and intensity of herd reproduction, which is functionally dependent on it, are the most important components of the integrated value of the volume and efficiency of milk production, both in a separate farm or industrial complex and at the regional level. Special feature of dairy cattle breeding is that the production of the main product and reproduction of productive livestock is carried out at the expense of the parent herd. Therefore, studying cows’ productive longevity and reducing the herd restoring percentage is a very urgent problem. The study was conducted on the basis of the dairy complex for the milk production by Holstein cows of the private joint-stock company «Agro-Soyuz» of Dnipropetrovsk region. Manifestation level of the genetic milk productivity potential of highly productive Holstein cows from the first to the fourth lactation (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th experimental groups) under the conditions of intensive milk production technology was determined. It includes three times daily milking (two times before the beginning of dry period), absence of active exercise; rest in the box where sand acts as a litter; stimulation of heat period and synchronization of ovulation, starting from day 17 after calving according to the «Ovsynch» scheme; dry period starts from 234 days of pregnancy. It was found that the maximum manifestation of the milk productivity genetic potential for full lactation in the first-calf cow is 15 632 kg of physical milk, while this indicator in animals of other experimental groups did not rise to 14 000 kg of milk. The functional activity of the body was determined by the maximum daily milk yield and milk productivity coefficient. The highest daily milk yields were shown by the cows of the second lactation, while the maximum milk productivity coefficient was in animals of the first lactation. Cows of 3rd and 4th groups in terms of milk productivity coefficients were inferior to the first-calf cows by 4.5 and 3.5 kg, respectively. The milk fat content in cows from the first to the third lactation did not decrease below 3.8 %, but in the technologically depleted cows of 4th group this indicator decreased to the level of 3.79 %. In cows of the first three lactations, production was characterized by a sufficient level of milk protein content – 3.22 %, while animals of 4th group were inferior to younger ones by 0.04 % in terms of milk protein content.Downloads
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References
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Kolver, E. S., Roche, J. R., Burke, C. R., Kay, J. K., & Aspin, P. W. (2007). Extending lactation in pasture-based dairy cows: I. Genotype and diet effect on milk and reproduction. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(12), 5518–5530.
Komarov, V. N. (1998). Puti uvelichenija perioda hozjajstvennogo ispol’zovanija korov [Ways to increase the period of economic use of cows]. Kostroma.
Kochnev, N. N., Dement’ev, V. N., & Marenkov, V. G. (2012). Povyshenie produktivnogo dolgoletija korov v uslovijah molochnogo kompleksa [Improving the productive longevity of cows in the dairy complex]. Achievements of science and technology of agribusiness, 3, 48–50.
Kuian, N. (2011). Molochnyi svit Ukrainy [The dairy world of Ukraine]. Effective Animal Husbandry, 3, 9–12.
Lalman, D., & Beck, P. A. (2019). 109 Mature cow size and impacts on cow efficiency. Journal of Animal Science, 97, 62–62.
Los, N. F. (2002). Produktivnost’ korov v zavisimosti ot vozrasta i prodolzhitel’nosti servis-perioda [Productivity of cows depending on age and duration of the service period]. Zootechny, 7, 2–4.
Loretc, O. G., & Gorelik, O. V. (2016). Jeffektivnost’ ispol’zovanija korov s raznoj zhivoj massoj [Efficiency of using cows with different live weight]. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals, 148 (6), 7.
Mazur, N. P., Fedorovych, Y. I., & Fedorovych, V. V. (2018). Useful features of dairy cows and their connection with productive longevity. Animal Breeding and Genetics, 56, 50–64.
Mylostyvyi, R., & Chernenko, O. (2019). Correlations between environmental factors and milk production of Holstein cows. Data, 4(3), 103.
Pochukalin, A. Ye., Rizun, O. V., & Pryima, S. V. (2018). Riven osnovnykh ta dodatkovykh selektsiinykh oznak u vysokoproduktyvnykh stadakh [The level of basic and additional breeding traits in high-performance herds Ukrainy]. Askaniya-Nova Scientific Bulletin, 11, 122–130.
Samusenko, L. D., & Khymycheva, S. N. (2012). Produktyvnost y sostav moloka korov osnovnыkh porod v Orlovskoi oblasty [Productivity and composition of milk of cows of the main breeds in the Oryol region]. Bulletin of the Oryol State Agrarian University, 4, 64–67.
Serdjuk, G. N. (2015). Problema produktivnogo dolgoletija pri golshtinizacii otechestvenn’ih porod krupnogo rogatogo skota i puti ee reshenija [The problem of productive longevity in Holsteinization of domestic cattle breeds and ways to solve it]. Dairy and Beef CattleBreeding, 6, 7–10.
Shmel’kov, K. A., & Gorelik, O. V. (2017). Molochnaja produktivnost’ korov raznogo vozrasta [Milk productivity of cows of different ages]. Youth and Science, 4, 8–10.
Sharapa, G. S., & Boyko, O. V. (2018). Reproductive health and dairy productivity of foodstuffs. Animal Breeding and Genetics, 55, 219–224.
Shcherbatyi, Z. Y., & Bodnar, P. V. (2013). Tryvalist hospodarskoho vykorystannia koriv ukrainskoi chorno-riaboi molochnoi porody [Duration of economic use of cows of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed]. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, 15 (55), 249–259.
Stockdale, C. R. (1999). Effect of length of the period of supplementation with concentrates on pasture intake and performance of grazing dairy cows. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 39(7), 803–809.
Sorensen, A., Muir, D. D., & Knight, C. H. (2008). Extended lactation in dairy cows: effects of milking frequency, calving season and nutrition on lactation persistency and milk quality. Journal of Dairy Research, 75(1), 90–97.
Velikanova, V. S., Zandarian, V. A, & Kryvoruchko, Y. I. (2009). Kharakterystyka pokaznykiv molochnoi produktyvnosti koriv holshtynskoi porody riznykh linii [Characteristics of performance indicators of dairy cows of Holstein breed of different lines]. Problems of Zoo Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, 18 (1), 60–64.
Auldist, M. J., O’Brien, G., Cole, D., Macmillan, K. L., & Grainger, C. (2007). Effects of Varying Lactation Length on Milk Production Capacity of Cows in Pasture-Based Dairying Systems. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(7), 3234–3241.
Bartolome, J. A., & Archbald, L. F. (2011). Reproductive management in dairy cows. Dairy Production Medicine, 73–79.
Boev, M. M. Kukushka, E. V., & Boev, M. M. (2011). Molochnaja produktivnost’, vosproizvoditel’nye kachestva i struktura genotipa u korov s raznoj prodolzhitel’nost’ju hozjajstvennogo ispol’zovanija [Milk productivity, reproductive qualities and genotype structure in cows with different duration of economic use]. Problems of Biology of Productive Animals, 4, 23–25.
Cardoso, C. S., von Keyserlingk, M. G., & Hötzel, M. J. (2019). Views of dairy farmers, agricultural advisors, and lay citizens on the ideal dairy farm. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(2), 1811–1821.
Calsamiglia, S., Espinosa, G., Vera, G., Ferret, A., & Castillejos, L. (2020). A virtual dairy herd as a tool to teach dairy production and management. Journal of Dairy Science, 103(3), 2896–2905.
Cielava, L., Jonkus, D., & Paura, L. (2017). Number of services per conseption and its relationship with dairy cow productive and reproductive traits. Research for Rural Development, 2, 67–73.
Danylenko, V. P., & Rudyk, I. A. (2012). Do pytannia efektyvnosti vykorystannia molochnykh porid u hospodarstvi [On the question of the efficiency of the use of dairy breeds in the economy] Animal Breeding and Genetics, 46, 63–66 (in Ukrainian).
Esmagambetov, K. K. (2011). Laktacionnye krivye cherno-pestryh korov rаznogo vozrasta [Lactation curves of black-motley cows of different ages]. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals], 2(81), 23–24.
Esslemont, D., & Kossaibati, A. (2000). Dairy farming systems: husbandry, economics and recording. The Health of Dairy Cattle. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
Grashin, V. A., & Grashin, A. A. (2012). Molochnaja produktivnost’ i prodolzhitel’nost’ hozjajstvennogo ispol’zovanija korov chjorno-pjostroj porody v zavisimosti ot krovnosti po golshtinam [Milk productivity and the duration of the economic use of cows of black-motley breed, depending on blood content in Holstein]. News of the Orenburg State Agrarian University, 35 (1), 113–114.
Honchar, A. O. (2015). Vidtvorna funktsiia holshtynskykh vysokoproduktyvnykh koriv za stymuliatsii okhoty ta synkhronizatsii ovuliatsii v umovakh promyslovoho kompleksu [Reproductive function of Holstein high-performance cows for stimulation of hunting and ovulation synchronization in the conditions of an industrial complex]. Dnipro (in Ukrainian).
Honchar, A. O., Pishchan, I. S., Lytvyschenko, L. O., & Pishchan, S. G. (2019). Realization of the genetic potential of milk productivity of Holstein cows for an extended lactation period. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 7(2), 120–125.
Ivanova, L. S. (2017). Molochne skotarstvo : suchasnyi stan ta problemy vyrishennia [Dairy farming: current state and problems of solution]. Ahrosvit, 22, 23–27.
Jumaguzin, I. F., Aminova, A. L., Valitov, F. R. (2018).Prodolzhitel’nost’ hozjajstvennogo ispol’zovanija korov v zavisimosti ot urovnja molochnoj produktivnosti za pervuju laktaciju [The duration of the economic use of cows, depending on the level of milk productivity during the first lactation]. Bulletin of the Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 (6), 80–82.
Kitaev, E. A., & Efremov, A. A. (2012). Vlijanie vozrasta projavlenija naivysshej produktivnosti na produktivnoe dolgoletie korov [Influence of the age of manifestation of the highest productivity on the productive longevity of cows]. News of the Samara Agricultural Academy, 1, 55–59.
Kolver, E. S., Roche, J. R., Burke, C. R., Kay, J. K., & Aspin, P. W. (2007). Extending lactation in pasture-based dairy cows: I. Genotype and diet effect on milk and reproduction. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(12), 5518–5530.
Komarov, V. N. (1998). Puti uvelichenija perioda hozjajstvennogo ispol’zovanija korov [Ways to increase the period of economic use of cows]. Kostroma.
Kochnev, N. N., Dement’ev, V. N., & Marenkov, V. G. (2012). Povyshenie produktivnogo dolgoletija korov v uslovijah molochnogo kompleksa [Improving the productive longevity of cows in the dairy complex]. Achievements of science and technology of agribusiness, 3, 48–50.
Kuian, N. (2011). Molochnyi svit Ukrainy [The dairy world of Ukraine]. Effective Animal Husbandry, 3, 9–12.
Lalman, D., & Beck, P. A. (2019). 109 Mature cow size and impacts on cow efficiency. Journal of Animal Science, 97, 62–62.
Los, N. F. (2002). Produktivnost’ korov v zavisimosti ot vozrasta i prodolzhitel’nosti servis-perioda [Productivity of cows depending on age and duration of the service period]. Zootechny, 7, 2–4.
Loretc, O. G., & Gorelik, O. V. (2016). Jeffektivnost’ ispol’zovanija korov s raznoj zhivoj massoj [Efficiency of using cows with different live weight]. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals, 148 (6), 7.
Mazur, N. P., Fedorovych, Y. I., & Fedorovych, V. V. (2018). Useful features of dairy cows and their connection with productive longevity. Animal Breeding and Genetics, 56, 50–64.
Mylostyvyi, R., & Chernenko, O. (2019). Correlations between environmental factors and milk production of Holstein cows. Data, 4(3), 103.
Pochukalin, A. Ye., Rizun, O. V., & Pryima, S. V. (2018). Riven osnovnykh ta dodatkovykh selektsiinykh oznak u vysokoproduktyvnykh stadakh [The level of basic and additional breeding traits in high-performance herds Ukrainy]. Askaniya-Nova Scientific Bulletin, 11, 122–130.
Samusenko, L. D., & Khymycheva, S. N. (2012). Produktyvnost y sostav moloka korov osnovnыkh porod v Orlovskoi oblasty [Productivity and composition of milk of cows of the main breeds in the Oryol region]. Bulletin of the Oryol State Agrarian University, 4, 64–67.
Serdjuk, G. N. (2015). Problema produktivnogo dolgoletija pri golshtinizacii otechestvenn’ih porod krupnogo rogatogo skota i puti ee reshenija [The problem of productive longevity in Holsteinization of domestic cattle breeds and ways to solve it]. Dairy and Beef CattleBreeding, 6, 7–10.
Shmel’kov, K. A., & Gorelik, O. V. (2017). Molochnaja produktivnost’ korov raznogo vozrasta [Milk productivity of cows of different ages]. Youth and Science, 4, 8–10.
Sharapa, G. S., & Boyko, O. V. (2018). Reproductive health and dairy productivity of foodstuffs. Animal Breeding and Genetics, 55, 219–224.
Shcherbatyi, Z. Y., & Bodnar, P. V. (2013). Tryvalist hospodarskoho vykorystannia koriv ukrainskoi chorno-riaboi molochnoi porody [Duration of economic use of cows of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed]. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, 15 (55), 249–259.
Stockdale, C. R. (1999). Effect of length of the period of supplementation with concentrates on pasture intake and performance of grazing dairy cows. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 39(7), 803–809.
Sorensen, A., Muir, D. D., & Knight, C. H. (2008). Extended lactation in dairy cows: effects of milking frequency, calving season and nutrition on lactation persistency and milk quality. Journal of Dairy Research, 75(1), 90–97.
Velikanova, V. S., Zandarian, V. A, & Kryvoruchko, Y. I. (2009). Kharakterystyka pokaznykiv molochnoi produktyvnosti koriv holshtynskoi porody riznykh linii [Characteristics of performance indicators of dairy cows of Holstein breed of different lines]. Problems of Zoo Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, 18 (1), 60–64.
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Published
2020-03-04
How to Cite
Kapshuk, N. (2020). Level of milk productivity in Holstein cows of different ages within intensive milk production technology. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 8(1), 31-35. https://doi.org/10.32819/2020.81006
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Articles
