NATURAL INDICATORS OF SAFETY QUALITY OF NANOMATERIALS

Abstract

This article provides information about the impact of different chemical compounds and nanomaterials used  for the development of advanced materials- implements and medicines.   Peroral influence of nanoparticles is one of the ways of getting to animals and bees. Peroral influence possi- ble in the case of food contamination nanoparticles, carrying nanoparticles in the mouth from the skin and, fi- nally, by  peroral medications, which are based on  nanoparticles. Although  absorption of nanoparticles in  the  gastrointestinal tract is slight,  most  studies have shown that peroral  administration  accompanied by some in- crease in their levels of plasma.   It is known that nanoparticles measure absorption in the gastrointestinal tract depends on the size and charac- teristics of the surface and the small, neutral hydrophobic nanoparticles are absorbed better than large and hy- drophilic.  There are two possible ways of transport of nanomaterials, when they enters the digestive tract - active and  passive. The nanoparticles is capable to bind heavy metals, pesticides, poisons soluble in liquids and deliver them  into the body. From the small intestine nanoparticles get into the blood (passing the epithelial barrier, or through  the mechanism of endocytosis). In addition, through the formation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species  nanoparticles can  cause lipid  peroxidation  in  cells, denaturation  of proteins  and  nucleic acids  damage. This  leads to a decrease in cell viability, followed by physiological, biochemical, morphological (ultrastructural, his- tochemical) changes. Nanoparticles can penetrate the skin from air, water, materials from which made household  items. Nanoparticles have local resorptive effect on covers and thus enter the bloodstream and lymphatic system.  Also,  because  of  the  high  binding capacity  they are  able to protect  sorbents  of  toxic  action  of  enzymes  skin.  Therefore it is recommended to use bees as indicators of ecology exhaust to determine the toxic effects of sub- stances.