Pathomorphological diagnostic features of canine mast cell tumors
Keywords:
cutaneous neoplasia; disseminated mastocytosis, metastases, classification of mast cell tumours.
Abstract
Mast cell tumour is one of the most common cutaneous neoplasms in dogs, ranging from well differentiated to aggressive tumors with metastases. Currently, prognosis and therapeutic definitions of canine cutaneous MCTs are based on the histological grade of malignancy. Clinical examination and treatment were performed in Dnipro veterinary clinics and pathological analysis in the Department of Animal Anatomy, Histology and Pathomorphology, Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University (Dnipro, Ukraine). Thirty-six dogs with a history of skin neoplasia were examined. Skin MCTs were diagnosed in 23 males and 13 females, aged between 5 and 15 years. No breed predisposition was found out in tested cohort. MCTs were located on the trunk (44.4%), limbs (33.4%) and less frequently on the head and neck, axillary, inguinal and perineal areas (22.2%). MCT was detected in 8 animals where the malignancy was systemic and develops metastatic spread to internal organs. Pathological diagnosis included cytopathological examination of tumor material, pathological analysis of samples obtained by incisional biopsy using haematoxylin/eosin and toluidine blue staining. According to the diagnostic criteria (smear cellularity, presence of cells with basophilic cytoplasmic granularity, size and number of cytoplasmic granules, presence or absence of mitotic figures, nuclear pleomorphism, presence or absence of binucleations or multinucleations, anisokaryosis), benign mast cell tumour (high grade) was diagnosed in 23 animals and malignant mast cell tumour (low grade) in 13 animals. These results were confirmed by histopathological methods using haematoxylin and eosin staining. Additional staining of histological sections with toluidine blue allowed differentiation of benign mast cell tumours into high-grade (38.9%) and intermediate-grade (5%).Downloads
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References
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Nishibori, S., Sakurai, M., Kagawa, Y., Uchida, K., Nakagawa, T., Igase, M., & Mizuno, T. (2023). Cross-reactivity of anti-human programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody, clone 28-8 against feline PD-L1. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 85(6), 592–600.
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Pecceu, E., Serra Varela, J. C., Handel, I., Piccinelli, C., Milne, E., & Lawrence, J. (2020). Ultrasound is a poor predictor of early or overt liver or spleen metastasis in dogs with high-risk mast cell tumours. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, 18(3), 389–401.
Pierini, A., Lubas, G., Gori, E., Binanti, D., Millanta, F., & Marchetti, V. (2019). Epidemiology of breed-related mast cell tumour occurrence and prognostic significance of clinical features in a defined population of dogs in West-Central Italy. Veterinary Sciences, 6(2), 53.
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Talavera Guillén, N. C., Barboza de Nardi, A., Noleto de Paiva, F., Dias, Q. C., Pinheiro Fantinatti, A., & Fávaro, W. J. (2023). Clinical implications of immune checkpoints and the RANK/RANK-L signaling pathway in high-grade canine mast cell tumors. Animals, 13(12), 1888.
Warland, J., Amores-Fuster, I., Newbury, W., Brearley, M., & Dobson, J. (2014). The utility of staging in canine mast cell tumours. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, 12(4), 287–298.
Webster, J. D., Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan, V., Miller, R. A., Kaneene, J. B., & Kiupel, M. (2007). Cellular proliferation in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors: associations with c-KIT and its role in prognostication. Veterinary Pathology, 44(3), 298–308.
Weishaar, K. M., Thamm, D. H., Worley, D. R., & Kamstock, D. A. (2014). Correlation of nodal mast cells with clinical outcome in dogs with mast cell tumour and a proposed classification system for the evaluation of node metastasis. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 151(4), 329–338.
Jackson, C. W., Pratt, C. M., Rupprecht, C. P., Pattanaik, D., & Krishnaswamy, G. (2021). Mastocytosis and mast cell activation disorders: clearing the air. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(20), 11270.
Blackwood, L., Murphy, S., Buracco, P., De Vos, J. P., De Fornel‐Thibaud, P., Hirschberger, J., Kessler, M., Pastor, J., Ponce, F., Savary-Bataille, K., & Argyle, D. J. (2012). European consensus document on mast cell tumours in dogs and cats. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, 10(3), 1–29.
Book, A. P., Fidel, J., Wills, T., Bryan, J., Sellon, R., & Mattoon, J. (2011). Correlation of ultrasound findings, liver and spleen cytology, and prognosis in the clinical staging of high metastatic risk canine mast cell tumors. Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association, 52(5), 548–554.
Ciaputa, R., Gach, J., Baranowski, K., Dzimira, S., Janus, I., Kandefer-Gola, M., Żebrowski, K., & Nowak, M. (2022). Prevalence of tumours and tumour-like lesions in domestic and exotic animals from Lower Silesia and its surrounds in Poland in 2014–2017. Journal of Veterinary Research, 66(3), 427–434.
Cino, M., Gariboldi, E. M., Stefanello, D., Spindler, K. P., Ferraris, E. I., Morello, E. M., Bertola, L., Maniscalco, L., & Martano, M. (2023). Ki67 index in patnaik grade 2/kiupel low-grade canine cutaneous mast cell tumors with early lymph node metastasis: a descriptive study. Veterinary Sciences, 10(7), 436.
de Nardi, A. B., dos Santos Horta, R., Fonseca-Alves, C. E., de Paiva, F. N., Linhares, L. C. M., Firmo, B. F., Ruiz Sueiro, F. A., de Oliveira, K. D., Lourenço, S. V., De Francisco Strefezzi, R., Brunner, C. H. M., Rangel, M. M. M., Jark, P. C., Castro, J. L. C., Ubukata, R., Batschinski, K., Sobral, R. A., da Cruz, N. O., Nishiya, A. T., … Dagli, M. L. Z. (2022). Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors. Cells, 11(4), 618.
Galietta, V., Parisi, F., Cocumelli, C., Pierini, A., Poli, A., Scaramozzino, P., Spallucci, V., & Millanta, F. (2023). Preliminary assessment of tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (tate) in canine mast cell tumors: prevalence and prognostic relevance and its association with neoangiogenesis. Animals, 13(2), 283.
Horta, R. S., Lavalle, G. E., Monteiro, L. N., Souza, M. C. C., Cassali, G. D., & Araújo, R. B. (2018). Assessment of canine mast cell tumor mortality risk based on clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features. Veterinary Pathology, 55(2), 212–223.
Ke, C., Sio, K., Wu, C., Xia, Y., Lee, J., Hu, C., Liu, C., Lu, C., Cheng, C., Lin, K., Tomiyasu, H., Wang, Y., & Lin, C. (2023). Increased plasma DR‐70 (fibrinogen‐fibrin degradation products) concentrations as a diagnostic biomarker in dogs with neoplasms. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 37(6), 2391–2401.
Kiupel, M. (2016). Mast cell tumors. Tumors in Domestic Animals, 176–202.
Kiupel, M., Webster, J. D., Bailey, K. L., Best, S., DeLay, J., Detrisac, C. J., Fitzgerald, S. D., Gamble, D., Ginn, P. E., Goldschmidt, M. H., Hendrick, M. J., Howerth, E. W., Janovitz, E. B., Langohr, I., Lenz, S. D., Lipscomb, T. P., Miller, M. A., Misdorp, W., Moroff, S., … Miller, R. (2010). Proposal of a 2-Tier histologic grading system for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors to more accurately predict biological behavior. Veterinary Pathology, 48(1), 147–155.
Lieshchova, M., Shuleshko, O., & Balchuhov, V. (2018). The incidence and structure of neoplasms in animals in Dnipro city. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 6(2), 30-37.
London, C. A., & Thamm, D. H. (2013). Mast cell tumors. Withrow and MacEwen’s Small Animal Clinical Oncology, 335–355.
Mochizuki, H., Motsinger‐Reif, A., Bettini, C., Moroff, S., & Breen, M. (2016). Association of breed and histopathological grade in canine mast cell tumours. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, 15(3), 829–839.
Moore, A. S., Frimberger, A. E., Taylor, D., & Sullivan, N. (2020). Retrospective outcome evaluation for dogs with surgically excised, solitary Kiupel high‐grade, cutaneous mast cell tumours. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, 18(3), 402–408.
Nishibori, S., Sakurai, M., Kagawa, Y., Uchida, K., Nakagawa, T., Igase, M., & Mizuno, T. (2023). Cross-reactivity of anti-human programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody, clone 28-8 against feline PD-L1. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 85(6), 592–600.
Oliveira, M. T., Campos, M., Lamego, L., Magalhães, D., Menezes, R., Oliveira, R., Patanita, F., & Ferreira, D. A. (2020). Canine and feline cutaneous mast cell tumor: a comprehensive review of treatments and outcomes. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 41, 100472.
Pecceu, E., Serra Varela, J. C., Handel, I., Piccinelli, C., Milne, E., & Lawrence, J. (2020). Ultrasound is a poor predictor of early or overt liver or spleen metastasis in dogs with high-risk mast cell tumours. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, 18(3), 389–401.
Pierini, A., Lubas, G., Gori, E., Binanti, D., Millanta, F., & Marchetti, V. (2019). Epidemiology of breed-related mast cell tumour occurrence and prognostic significance of clinical features in a defined population of dogs in West-Central Italy. Veterinary Sciences, 6(2), 53.
Pizzoni, S., Sabattini, S., Stefanello, D., Dentini, A., Ferrari, R., Dacasto, M., Giantin, M., Laganga, P., Amati, M., Tortorella, G., & Marconato, L. (2018). Features and prognostic impact of distant metastases in 45 dogs with de novo stage IV cutaneous mast cell tumours: A prospective study. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, 16(1), 28–36.
Ribeiro, P. R., Bianchi, M. V., Bandinelli, M. B., Rosa, R. B., Echenique, J. V. Z., Serpa Stolf, A., Driemeier, D., Sonne, L., & Pavarini, S. P. (2022). Pathological aspects of cutaneous mast cell tumors with metastases in 49 dogs. Veterinary Pathology, 59(6), 922–930.
Rodríguez, J., Santana, Á., Herráez, P., Killick, D. R., & de Los Monteros, A. E. (2022). Epidemiology of canine mammary tumours on the Canary Archipelago in Spain. BMC Veterinary Research, 18(1), 268.
Talavera Guillén, N. C., Barboza de Nardi, A., Noleto de Paiva, F., Dias, Q. C., Pinheiro Fantinatti, A., & Fávaro, W. J. (2023). Clinical implications of immune checkpoints and the RANK/RANK-L signaling pathway in high-grade canine mast cell tumors. Animals, 13(12), 1888.
Warland, J., Amores-Fuster, I., Newbury, W., Brearley, M., & Dobson, J. (2014). The utility of staging in canine mast cell tumours. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, 12(4), 287–298.
Webster, J. D., Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan, V., Miller, R. A., Kaneene, J. B., & Kiupel, M. (2007). Cellular proliferation in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors: associations with c-KIT and its role in prognostication. Veterinary Pathology, 44(3), 298–308.
Weishaar, K. M., Thamm, D. H., Worley, D. R., & Kamstock, D. A. (2014). Correlation of nodal mast cells with clinical outcome in dogs with mast cell tumour and a proposed classification system for the evaluation of node metastasis. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 151(4), 329–338.
Jackson, C. W., Pratt, C. M., Rupprecht, C. P., Pattanaik, D., & Krishnaswamy, G. (2021). Mastocytosis and mast cell activation disorders: clearing the air. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(20), 11270.
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Published
2024-02-26
How to Cite
Logvinova, V. V., Kravtsova, M. V., & Lieshchova, M. O. (2024). Pathomorphological diagnostic features of canine mast cell tumors. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 12(1), 3-9. https://doi.org/10.32819/2024.12001
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